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Who First Coined Make America Great Again

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American entrada slogan

Trump'due south "Brand America Great Again!" sign used during his 2016 presidential campaign before Trump selected Mike Pence as his vice presidential running mate

"Make America Smashing Once again" or MAGA ()[a] is a campaign slogan used in American politics popularized by Donald Trump in his successful 2016 presidential campaign. Ronald Reagan used the similar slogan "Let'south Brand America Corking Once again" in his successful 1980 presidential campaign. Bill Clinton also used the phrase in speeches during his successful 1992 presidential campaign and used information technology again in a radio commercial aired for his wife Hillary Clinton'southward unsuccessful 2008 presidential principal campaign. Douglas Schoen has called Trump'south utilise of the phrase "probably the near resonant entrada slogan in recent history", citing majorities of Americans who believed that the country was in decline.[two] [3]

The slogan became a pop culture phenomenon, seeing widespread use and spawning numerous variants in the arts, entertainment and politics, being used past those who back up and oppose the presidency of Donald Trump.

Since its popularization in the 2010s, the slogan is considered a loaded phrase. Multiple analytic journalists, scholars, and commentators link it to racism in the United States, regarding it as dog-whistle politics and coded language.[4] [5] [half dozen] [7] The slogan was also at the centre of two events originally reported inaccurately in most media outlets, the Jussie Smollett assault hoax and the January 2019 Lincoln Memorial confrontation.[8] [9] [10] [11]

Use before Donald Trump [edit]

Alexander Wiley [edit]

The phrase was first used by Republican senator Alexander Wiley in a oral communication at the third session of the 76th Us Congress in anticipation of the 1940 U.s.a. presidential ballot: "What is the manner? Here is America. There are 130,000,000 of u.s.a.. America needs a leader who can coordinate labor, capital, and management; who tin can requite the homo of enterprise encouragement, who can give them the spirit which will beget vision. That will make America great once more."[12]

Barry Goldwater [edit]

The slogan was found in some advertising associated with Barry Goldwater's unsuccessful 1964 presidential entrada.[thirteen]

Ronald Reagan [edit]

"Allow'south make America great again" was famously used in Ronald Reagan'south 1980 presidential campaign. At the time the United States was suffering from a worsening economy at home marked by stagflation and Reagan, using the country's economic distress as a springboard for his campaign, used the slogan to stir a sense of patriotism among the electorate.[14] [15] [16] [17] Inside his acceptance speech at the 1980 Republican National Convention, Reagan said, "For those without job opportunities, we'll stimulate new opportunities, particularly in the inner cities where they alive. For those who've abased hope, we'll restore hope and nosotros'll welcome them into a bang-up national crusade to make America great again."[18] [19]

Nib Clinton [edit]

The phrase was also used in speeches[20] by Bill Clinton during his 1992 presidential campaign.[21] Clinton also used the phrase in a radio commercial aired for Hillary Clinton'due south 2008 presidential primary campaign.[22]

During the 2016 electoral campaign, Clinton suggested that Trump's version, used as a campaign rallying cry, was a message to white Southerners that Trump was promising to "give you an economy you had 50 years ago, and... motion you back up on the social totem pole and other people down."[23]

Christine O'Donnell [edit]

Christine O'Donnell'south book about her unsuccessful 2010 bid every bit the Republican nominee for a US Senate seat in Delaware was published by St. Martin's Printing on August sixteen, 2011, equally Troublemaker: Let's Do What It Takes to Make America Great Again.[24]

Use by Donald Trump [edit]

Donald Trump wearing a "Make America Great Again" cap during his 2016 presidential campaign

In December 2011, Trump made a argument in which he said he was unwilling to rule out running as a presidential candidate in the future, explaining "I must leave all of my options open because, above all else, nosotros must make America cracking once more."[25] Also in December 2011, he published a book using as a subtitle the similar phrase "Making America #1 Again" – which in a 2015 reissue was changed to "Make America Swell Again!"[26]

Trump popularized the slogan "Make America Great Once again" by stitching it onto his widely distributed cap

On Jan 1, 2012, a grouping of Trump supporters filed paperwork with the Texas Secretary of State's office to create the "Brand America Smashing Once again Party", which would take allowed Trump to be that political party'southward nominee if he had decided to become a third-party candidate in the 2012 presidential election.[27] Trump himself began using the slogan formally on November seven, 2012, the solar day after Barack Obama won his reelection against Mitt Romney. Past his ain account, Trump start considered "We Will Make America Not bad", simply did not experience like information technology had the right "band" to it. "Make America Peachy" was his next slogan idea, merely upon further reflection, he felt that it was a slight to America considering it unsaid that America was never great. Subsequently selecting "Brand America Great Again", Trump immediately had an attorney register it. (Trump later said he was unaware of Reagan's utilise in 1980 until 2015, just noted that "he didn't trademark it.")[28] On November 12 he signed an application with the U.s.a. Patent and Trademark Office requesting sectional rights to use the slogan for political purposes. It was registered as a service marker on July 14, 2015, after Trump formally began his 2016 presidential campaign and demonstrated that he was using the slogan for the purpose stated on the application.[29] [28] [30] Trump used the slogan in public equally early as August 2013, in an interview with Jonathan Karl.[31]

Imprint displaying "Vote To Make America Great Again" on a roadside in California shortly after the November 2016 ballot

Trump wearing a "Keep America Bang-up" lid in December 2019

During the 2016 entrada, Trump often used the slogan, peculiarly by wearing hats emblazoned with the phrase in white letters, which soon became popular among his supporters.[32] The slogan was and so important to the campaign that at one betoken it spent more on making the hats – sold for $25 each on its website – than on polling, consultants, or television commercials. Millions were sold, and Trump estimated that counterfeit versions outnumbered the real hat ten to one. "...but it was a slogan, and every fourth dimension somebody buys one, that'southward an advertisement."[28]

Post-obit Trump's election, the website of his presidential transition was established at greatagain.gov.[33] Trump said in 2017 and 2018 that the slogan of his 2020 reelection campaign would be "Go on America Corking" and he sought to trademark it.[28] [34] However, Trump's 2020 entrada continued to use the "Make America Great Again" slogan.[35] Trump's vice president, Mike Pence, used the phrase "brand America great once again, once more" in his 2020 Republican National Convention speech, garnering ridicule and comparisons to the catchphrase "again-once more" from Teletubbies.[36] [37] In late 2021, this phrase became the name of a pro-Trump Super-PAC, which was also mocked.[38]

Less than a calendar week afterwards Trump left office, he spoke to advisors about possibly establishing a third political party, which he suggested might be named either the "Patriot Party" or "Brand America Great Over again Party". In his showtime few days out of office, he likewise supported Arizona state party chairwoman Kelli Ward, who too chosen for the creation of a "MAGA Party". In late January 2021, the former president viewed the proposed MAGA Political party as leverage to prevent Republican senators from voting to convict him during the Senate impeachment trial, and to field challengers to Republicans who voted for his impeachment in the House.[39] [xl]

[edit]

Donald Trump took the campaign slogan to social media (primarily to Twitter), using the hashtags #makeamericagreatagain and its acronym #maga. In response to criticism regarding his frequent and untraditional usage of social media, Trump defended himself past tweeting "My use of social media is not Presidential – it'due south MODERN Solar day PRESIDENTIAL. Brand America Slap-up Again!" on July 1, 2017.[41]

In the first half of 2017, Trump repeated his slogan on Twitter 33 times.[42] In an article for Bloomberg News, Mark Whitehouse noted "A regression analysis suggests the phrase adds (very roughly) 51,000 to a mail'south retweet-and-favorite count, which is of import given that the boilerplate Trump tweet attracts a full of 107,000."[42]

Trump attributed his victory (in part) to social media when he said "I won the 2016 election with interviews, speeches, and social media."[43] According to RiteTag,[44] the estimated hourly statistics for #maga on Twitter alone include: one,304 unique tweets, 5,820,000 hashtag exposure, and iii,424 retweets with 14% of #maga tweets including images, 55% including links, and 51% including mentions.[44]

Donald Trump prepare his Twitter account in March 2009. His follower-count increased significantly following the proclamation (June sixteen, 2015) of his intention to run for president in the 2016 presidential election, with specially notable spikes occurring after his securing the Republican Party nomination (May iii, 2016) and after winning the presidency.[45]

Accusations of racism [edit]

Regarding its use since 2015, it is considered a loaded phrase. Marissa Melton, a Voice of America journalist, among others,[5] [half-dozen] explained how information technology is a loaded phrase considering it "doesn't merely appeal to people who hear it as racist coded language, but also to those who have felt a loss of status as other groups take become more empowered."[iv] As Sarah Churchwell explains, the slogan at present resonates as America Get-go did in the early 1940s, with the thought "that the truthful version of America is the America that looks like me, the American fantasy I imagine existed before it was diluted with other races and other people."[46]

Writing stance for the Los Angeles Times, Robin Abcarian wrote that "[w]earing a 'Make America Neat Again' lid is not necessarily an overt expression of racism. But if yous wear one, information technology's a pretty good indication that y'all share, admire or appreciate President Trump's racist views nearly Mexicans, Muslims and border walls."[six] The Detroit Free Press and the Los Angeles Times reported how several of their readers rejected this characterization and did not believe the slogan or MAGA hats are evidence of racism, seeing them more in patriotic or American nationalist terms.[47] [48] Nicholas Goldberg described the slogan every bit "fabulous", writing: "It was vague enough to appeal to optimists generally, while leaving plenty of room for bitter and resentful voters to conclude that we were finally going dorsum to the days when they ran the world."[49] Polling has shown that about ten percent of black voters identified as Trump supporters,[50] [ non-master source needed ] while near thirty percent of Hispanic voters identified as Trump supporters.[51] [ better source needed ]

Australian political commentator and former Liberal party leader John Hewson writes in January 2018 that he believes the recent global movements against traditional politics and politicians are based on racism and prejudice. He comments: "There should be fiddling doubt nigh US President Donald Trump's views on race, despite his occasional 'denials', assertions of 'faux news', and/or his semantic distinctions. His ballot entrada theme was finer a promise to 'Brand America Great Once again; America First and Only' and—nod, nod, wink, flash—to Make America White Again."[52]

Use by others [edit]

In politics [edit]

Political commentator and author Peter Beinart published a 2006 book titled The Good Fight: Why Liberals – and Merely Liberals – Tin Win the War on Terror and Make America Nifty Once more [53] drawing on the philosophy of theologian Reinhold Niebuhr after the Invasion of Iraq and early years of the War on Terror. In 2011, Christine O'Donnell published a book about her Republican Senate campaign in the 2010 Delaware special election titled Troublemaker: Let's Do What Information technology Takes To Brand America Great Once again.[54]

Later on Donald Trump popularized the use of the phrase, the phrase and modifications of information technology were widely used in reference both to his election campaign and to his politics. Trump'southward primary opponents, Ted Cruz and Scott Walker, began using "Make America Groovy Again" in speeches, inciting Trump to ship cease-and-desist messages to them.[28] Cruz later sold hats featuring, "Make Trump Debate Again", in response to Trump's boycotting the Iowa January 28, 2016, debate.[55] The phrase has also been parodied in political statements, such as "Make America Mexico Again", a critique of Trump'south clearing policies regarding the U.S.–United mexican states border.[56] [57]

Utilize past political rivals [edit]

New York Governor Andrew Cuomo said America "was never that not bad" during a September 2018 bill signing.[58] [59] Sometime Us Attorney Full general Eric Holder questioned the slogan in a March 2019 interview on MSNBC, asking: "Exactly when did you think America was great?"[60] [61] During John McCain'due south memorial service on September i, 2018, his daughter Meghan stated: "The America of John McCain has no demand to be made bang-up once again because America was always slap-up."[62] Trump subsequently tweeted "Make AMERICA GREAT Once more!" later that day.[63]

Employ past hate groups [edit]

A 2018 study using text mining and semantic network analytics of Twitter text and hashtags networks found that the "#MakeAmericaGreatAgain" and "#MAGA" hashtags were commonly used by white supremacist and white nationalist users, and had been used as "an organizing discursive space" for far-right extremists globally.[64]

Other countries [edit]

In June 2017, Emmanuel Macron, President of France, rebuked Trump over withdrawing from the Paris Agreement. The concluding judgement of the speech delivered past him was "make our planet great again."[65]

During his campaign for the 2019 Indonesian presidential election in October 2018, sometime opposition leader Prabowo Subianto used the phrase "make Indonesia bang-up again", though he denied having copied Trump.[66]

During the Swedish European Parliament election in May 2019, the Swedish Christian Democratic Party used the slogan "Brand EU Lagom Again".[67] [68]

February 2019 Fridays for Hereafter protest in Berlin with the line "Make Globe Greta Again"

Members of the Fridays for Hereafter Motion have often used slogans like "Make World Greta Again", referring to activist Greta Thunberg.[69] In 2019, Grant Armour and Milene Larsson co-directed a documentary moving-picture show named Brand the World Greta Again.[70]

The Spanish far correct party Vocalization used equally slogan "Hacer a España grande otra vez", or "Make Spain Neat Again".[71] [72]

In popular culture [edit]

Rap-rock supergroup Prophets of Rage displaying a "Make America Rage Again" phase properties reminiscent of the "Make America Cracking Once again" catchphrase as information technology appears on a MAGA hat

The phrase and its variants are widely used and parodied in media.

Developed amusement [edit]

  • Developed picture star Stormy Daniels, who allegedly had an matter with President Trump, took part in a "Make America Horny Once more" strip club tour. The tour followed Trump's initial 2016 entrada trail and role of the revenue was donated to Planned Parenthood.[73]

Advertising [edit]

  • A Dunk-a-roos marketing campaign used the slogan "Brand America Dunk Once again".[74]

Artwork [edit]

  • Brand Everything Neat Once more was a street art mural past artist Mindaugas Bonanu in Vilnius, Lithuania.[75] [76]

Comedy [edit]

  • Comedian David Cross'southward 2016 stand-upwardly tour was titled "Making America Great Again".[77]

Conventions and events [edit]

  • In 2016, two Dragon Con cosplayers claiming an association with Adult Swim and Drawing Network, and dressed every bit the World Trade Center during the September 11 attacks, wore "Make FishCenter Nifty Over again" hats.[78] [79] [80]

Fashion [edit]

  • Fashion Designer Andre Soriano used the "Make America Great Again" Official presidential campaign Flag to design a MAGA Gown for celebrities in Hollywood to article of clothing on Cherry-red Rug e.g. 2017 Grammy Awards.[81]

Films [edit]

  • In Hot Fuzz (2007), Inspector Frank Butterman says "Brand Sandford Not bad Over again" to Sergeant Nicholas Angel.[82]
  • In Holmes & Watson (2018), Sherlock Holmes wears a "Make England Smashing Once again" fez chapeau in ane scene.[83]
  • The Syfy film Sharknado 5: Global Swarming (2017) was released with the tagline "Make America Allurement Once again".[84]
  • The tagline for The Purge: Election Twelvemonth (2016) is "Keep America Great" (a phrase Trump would later use every bit his 2020 campaign slogan); one of the TV spots for the film featured Americans who explained why they support the Purge, with one stating he does so "to continue my country [America] great".[85] The next picture in the franchise, The First Purge, was after advertised with a poster featuring its title stylized on a MAGA hat.[86]
  • The character Paul in Da five Bloods is an avid Trump supporter and sports a MAGA hat throughout the film.[87]

Games [edit]

  • In Assassin's Creed Odyssey (2018), Cleon says "Make Athens Bully Again" during his campaign against Pericles.
  • In the video game Mortal Kombat 11 (2019), Shao Kahn urges Mortal Kombateleven newcomer Kollector to "make Outworld great once more".
  • The video game Wolfenstein: The New Colossus (2017) used "Brand America Nazi-Free Again" in its marketing campaign.[88]
  • In Metal Gear Rising: Revengeance (2013), Senator Steven Armstrong uses the phrase "Make America Great Again" during his oral communication while battling Raiden.[89]
  • In Hitman 2 (2018 video game), an elusive targed named Vincente Murillo is shown doing a circulate under the slogan Haz que Colombia sea grande otra vez .[ninety]

Music [edit]

  • Fall Out Boy released a remix of their anthology American Beauty/American Psycho titled Make America Psycho Again.[91]
  • Rapper Kevin Gates released a song in 2018 called M.A.T.A, meaning Make America Trap Once again.[92]
  • Make America Rock Again was a stone concert tour.[93]
  • Rap rock supergroup Prophets of Rage, consisting of members of Rage Against the Machine, Public Enemy and Cypress Hill, chosen their 2017 nationwide tour the "Brand America Rage Over again Tour", using a stage backdrop reminiscent of a MAGA lid.
  • Great britain musician and author James Kennedy released a rock protest album in 2020 called 'Make ANGER Great Again'[94]
  • Snoop Dogg released a song titled "Brand America Crip Again".[95]
  • Frank Turner released a song chosen "Make America Great Once again" on his album Be More Kind (2018).
  • Singer Joy Villa produced a unmarried "Make America Keen Once again" a few months after appearing at the 2017 Grammy Awards in a 'MAGA' clothes.[96]
  • Rapper Lil Wayne wore a hat saying Make America Skate once more in Chance the Rapper's video No Problem
  • Hip Hop Producer Zaytoven released an album titled Make America Trap Again (2019), with cover fine art inspired by the Barack Obama "Hope" poster.[97]
  • Russian activists and artists Pussy Anarchism released a song titled Make America Cracking Over again.[98]
  • Metal band Thy Fine art Is Murder released a song called "Make America Detest Again" on their anthology Human Target (2019). They also sell a lid with the slogan "Make Deathcore Bully Again".

Sports [edit]

  • Then-Washington Nationals baseball outfielder Bryce Harper wore a lid saying "Brand Baseball Fun Once more" during a postgame interview in 2016.

Books and Publications [edit]

  • Author Octavia E. Butler used "Brand America Great Once more" as the presidential campaign slogan for a character, Andrew Steele Jarret, in her 1998 dystopian novel, Parable of the Talents.[99] Jarret is described every bit "a demagogue, a rabble-rouser, and a hypocrite [who] pulled organized religion and regime together and cemented the link with coin from rich businessmen".[100]
  • Author Andre Louis wrote and published "Make America Engagement Again",[101] a satirical book on dating and relationships.

Television [edit]

  • John Oliver spoofed the slogan on his prove Concluding Week Tonight with John Oliver in a segment defended to Trump, urging viewers to "Make Donald Drumpf Again", in reference to the original ancestral name of the Trump family.[102] [103] The segment bankrupt HBO viewership records, garnering 85 1000000 views.[103]
  • In the Due south Park episode "Where My Country Gone?" (2015), supporters of Mr. Garrison, who runs a campaign that is a parody of Trump'south, are seen holding signs bearing the slogan.[104]
  • In the Star Trek: Discovery episode "What's Past Is Prologue" (2018), Gabriel Lorca vows to "brand the Empire glorious again", a line that was compared to Trump past many reviewers.[105] [106] [107] [108]

Notes [edit]

  1. ^ Pronunciation used by Trump.[1]

References [edit]

  1. ^ The Telegraph (May 30, 2020). Donald Trump: 'MAGA loves the black people' responding to race protests (YouTube video). Event occurs at 0:00.
  2. ^ Schoen, Douglas (April 8, 2016). "Donald Trump saw what politicians ignored. And then he disrupted American politics". Trick News . Retrieved October 25, 2020.
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  5. ^ a b Shamus, Kristen Jordan (January 24, 2019). "MAGA hats: Trump entrada swag or symbols of hate?". Detroit Free Press . Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  6. ^ a b c Abcarian, Robin (February five, 2019). "MAGA hats and blackface are different forms of expression, but they share a certain unfortunate DNA". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved October 25, 2020.
  7. ^ Rebecca Solnit (2018). Call Them by Their True Names: American Crises (and Essays). Haymarket Books. Trump's slogan, 'Brand America bully again', seemed to invoke a return to a Never Never State of white male supremacy, where coal was an crawly fuel, blue-color manufacturing jobs were what they had been in 1956, women vest in the habitation, and the needs of white men were paramount.
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  20. ^ "Brand America Keen Once more a Retrospective". YouTube . Retrieved July 21, 2017.
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  23. ^ "Bill Clinton suggests Trump slogan racist – merely he used the same 1". Fox News. September 9, 2016. Retrieved January 22, 2018.
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  33. ^ Smith, Allan (Nov 10, 2016). "'Keen over again': Donald Trump'due south .gov website is now live". Concern Insider . Retrieved Nov 12, 2016.
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  42. ^ a b Whitehouse, Mark (Baronial 21, 2017). "'Smashing Again' Is Trump'due south Magic Twitter Mantra". Bloomberg News . Retrieved November 3, 2017.
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  44. ^ a b "#maga Hashtag Analytics". RiteTag . Retrieved July 18, 2018.
  45. ^ Trackalytics. "Donald J. Trump Twitter Followers Statistics". Trackalytics . Retrieved November 28, 2017.
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  48. ^ "Readers React: Media disdain for MAGA hat-wearing Trump supporters has to stop". Los Angeles Times. January 24, 2019. Retrieved May 18, 2021.
  49. ^ Goldberg, Nicholas (May 14, 2020). "Column: Trump has come up with the worst campaign slogan ever". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  50. ^ http://maristpoll.marist.edu/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/NPR_PBS-NewsHour_Marist-Poll_USA-NOS-and-Tables_202009171415.pdf[ bare URL PDF ]
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  55. ^ Bradford Richardson (Jan 27, 2016). "Cruz sells 'Make Trump Contend Over again' hats". TheHill.com . Retrieved January 27, 2016.
  56. ^ Cadman, Dan (May 16, 2016). "'Make America Mexico Again'". CIS.org . Retrieved Feb 21, 2021. {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  57. ^ Latimer, Brian (May 4, 2016). "'Brand America Mexico Again' Hat Maker: Satire Can Change Conversation". NBC News . Retrieved February 21, 2021. {{cite spider web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
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  59. ^ Goldmacher, Shane (August 15, 2018). "Cuomo Says America 'Was Never That Great' in Jab at Trump Slogan". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved April 30, 2019.
  60. ^ "Holder to Trump: 'Exactly when did you recollect America was great?'". MSNBC. March 28, 2019. Retrieved March 29, 2019. Holder also discusses the Trump slogan of 'Make America Great Again', posing the question: 'when did yous think America was great?'
  61. ^ Norman, Greg (March 28, 2019). "Eric Holder goes on MAGA attack: 'Exactly when did y'all call up America was peachy?'". Fox News . Retrieved April 30, 2019.
  62. ^ Kane, Paul; Pogrund, Gabriel; Itkowitz, Colby (September one, 2018). "'America was ever great': Meghan McCain rebukes Trump". The Washington Post . Retrieved November five, 2018.
  63. ^ Donald Trump [@realDonaldTrump] (September 2, 2018). "Make AMERICA Swell Once again!" (Tweet). Retrieved September 2, 2018 – via Twitter.
  64. ^ Sean Grand. Eddington (2018). "The Chatty Constitution of Hate Organizations Online: A Semantic Network Analysis of "Make America Great Once again"". Social Media + Order. 4 (three). doi:10.1177/2056305118790763.
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External links [edit]

  • Reagan at the 1980 GOP convention

sagersafters.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Make_America_Great_Again

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